Journal of Petrochemical Engineering

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Table of Content: Volume 3, Issue 2

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Review Article Pages 68-85

Pore-Throat Blocking Mechanisms in Tight Rocks by Colloidal Particles in Treated and Untreated Produced Water

Authors: Claudius Epie Njie, Kegang Ling, Olusegun Tomomewo, Adesina S. Fadairo, Luc Yvan Nkok, Md Jakaria, Abdelmalek Abes and James Marti

Abstract: Colloidal particles in produced water used for hydraulic fracturing can block pore throats in tight reservoir rocks through three main mechanisms. The blockage of these pore throats damages the permeability of the reservoir, leading to low productivity and higher operational cost. However, the characterization of these particles in produced water used for hydraulic fracturing is understudied. This study investigates the size distribution of these particles in produced water and the resulting pore plugging mechanisms potentially operating on typical 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4-micron-wide siltstone reservoir rock pore throats caused by primary, aggregate, and agglomerate particles in such produced waters.

Review Article Pages 60-67

Iron Stress Testing of Oilfield Produced Waters and Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids in the Bakken

Authors: Claudius Epie Njie, Kegang Ling, Olusegun Tomomewo, Adesina S Fadairo, Md Jakaria, Luc Yvan Nkok and Blake Demers

Abstract: Friction reducers are a major additive in almost all water-based hydraulic fracturing fluids. Despite the important role they play in friction reduction during hydraulic fracturing, they pose a veritable threat to the permeability of tight reservoirs upon precipitation. In the industry today, the potential for such precipitation is seldom assessed and as a result, an additional contributor to the formation damage problem has been given little attention. In this work, the sensitivity and affinity of friction reducers to very low concentrations of ferric ions are exploited to provide a qualitative assessment of their propensity to precipitate in hydraulically fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs.

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Review Article Pages 48-59

A Comparative Assessment of the Potential of the Bakken Formation Oil and Gas Field Produced Water for Critical Mineral Extraction, with a Focus on the Inyan Kara Formation: An Analysis of Salinity and Infrastructure

Authors: Md Jakaria, Kegang Ling, Josh Crowell, Lisa Holding Eagle and Claudius Epie Njie

Abstract: This study compares the salt concentration and mineral composition of water from the Bakken Formation and the Inyan Kara Formation to assess their suitability for salt/critical minerals extraction. The results reveal that the Bakken Formation exhibits significantly higher levels of dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, and chloride compared to the Inyan Kara Formation, indicating its potential suitability for salt/critical elements extraction.

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